[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/proc-je-ve-vesmiru-vice-hmoty-nez-antihmoty\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/proc-je-ve-vesmiru-vice-hmoty-nez-antihmoty\/","headline":"Pro\u010d je ve vesm\u00edru v\u00edce hmoty, ne\u017e antihmoty","name":"Pro\u010d je ve vesm\u00edru v\u00edce hmoty, ne\u017e antihmoty","description":"(A tedy existujeme) Probl\u00e9m s\u00a0antihmotou se objevil u\u017e kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 co ji Paul Dirac, jeden z otc\u016f kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl a C. D. Anderson objevil (1932). Rovnice kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky, jsou toti\u017e symetrick\u00e9, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0nich \u017ee hmota a antihmota jsou zcela rovnocenn\u00e9 a li\u0161\u00ed se jen elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem. Proto kdy\u017e vznikal vesm\u00edr, m\u011blo by oboj\u00edho vzniknout […]","datePublished":"2019-11-11","dateModified":"2019-11-11","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a1f3afbcba6a2c855138f9932fa7e5ab7d93bdcdef3da88e8b7e3a89881e43e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a1f3afbcba6a2c855138f9932fa7e5ab7d93bdcdef3da88e8b7e3a89881e43e8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"dvkk.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361199_w3637_t1574581566.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a361199_w3637_t1574581566.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/proc-je-ve-vesmiru-vice-hmoty-nez-antihmoty\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":630,"articleBody":"(A tedy existujeme)\tProbl\u00e9m s\u00a0antihmotou se objevil u\u017e kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 co ji Paul Dirac, jeden z otc\u016f kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky, p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl a C. D. Anderson objevil (1932). Rovnice kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky, jsou toti\u017e symetrick\u00e9, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0nich \u017ee hmota a antihmota jsou zcela rovnocenn\u00e9 a li\u0161\u00ed se jen elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem. Proto kdy\u017e vznikal vesm\u00edr, m\u011blo by oboj\u00edho vzniknout stejn\u011b. Ale my d\u00edky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edme \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 99 procent vesm\u00edru je tvo\u0159eno hmotou, a to je zjevn\u00fd rozpor s\u00a0teori\u00ed. Vysv\u011btlit co je antihmota a jak\u00fd je jej\u00ed vztah k\u00a0oby\u010dejn\u00e9 hmot\u011b bez pekeln\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 matematiky je probl\u00e9m. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt analogie a p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit \u017ee takov\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy maj\u00ed v\u017edy nep\u0159esnou a omezenou platnost.\t\tVych\u00e1zejme z\u00a0kvantov\u011b-mechanick\u00e9ho tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee energie libovoln\u00e9 oblasti ve vesm\u00edru nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011b nula, a to v\u010detn\u011b vakua, to je prost\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon. Jak je ale mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee vakuum, tedy pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd prostor m\u00e1 nenulovou energii? M\u016f\u017eeme si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee vakuum je zapln\u011bno v\u0161emi mo\u017en\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi. Jsou to \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed dost energie na to, aby mohly re\u00e1ln\u011b existovat, proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony zakazuj\u00ed existenci n\u011b\u010deho takov\u00e9ho jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad polovi\u010dn\u00ed proton. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b u\u017e z\u00a0podstaty v\u011bdy, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony se z\u00a0principu t\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen jev\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pozorovateln\u00e9. Proto tyto \u010d\u00e1stice ve vakuu jsou takzvan\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed, tj. \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se nedaj\u00ed zjistit, nebo pozorovat, jak\u00e9koli p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed by bylo poru\u0161en\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f fyziky. Jak tedy v\u00edme \u017ee tam jsou? V\u00edme to proto, \u017ee je m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat nep\u0159\u00edmo, tyto \u010d\u00e1stice jsou toti\u017e nezjistiteln\u00e9 jako jednotlivci, ale jejich spole\u010dn\u00fd vliv se pozorovat d\u00e1, proto se d\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tzv. Kasimirova jevu nam\u011b\u0159it tlak vakua. Je to analogick\u00e9 tlaku plynu, p\u0159esto, \u017ee nevid\u00edme, jak do st\u011bny n\u00e1doby nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed molekuly vzduchu m\u011b\u0159\u00edme spole\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek t\u011bchto sr\u00e1\u017eek a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me mu tlak vzduchu, rozd\u00edl je jen v\u00a0tom, \u017ee na molekulu se u\u017e dnes m\u016f\u017eeme pod\u00edvat elektronov\u00fdm mikroskopem, v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice to nejde.\t\u00a0Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed se virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t re\u00e1lnou, uv\u011bdomme si \u017ee jedin\u00e9, co j\u00ed k\u00a0tomu chyb\u00ed je energie, jestli\u017ee budeme nap\u0159\u00edklad oza\u0159ovat vakuum fotony gama d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji se stane, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00fd virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed polovi\u010dn\u00ed elektron se s\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00fdm sraz\u00ed, vezme si jeho energii a stane se re\u00e1ln\u00fdm, proto\u017ee te\u010f u\u017e nen\u00ed polovi\u010dn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony mu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed existovat.\t\tOv\u0161em ve vakuu po n\u011bm z\u016fstane pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, jako kdy\u017e ze skl\u00e1da\u010dky puzzle vyt\u00e1hnete jeden d\u00edlek a tohle pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, tahle d\u00edra se chov\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u011b jako elektron jen m\u00e1 kladn\u00fd m\u00edsto z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje, je to pozitron, \u010d\u00e1stice antihmoty. Z\u00a0t\u00e9to p\u0159edstavy tak\u00e9 plyne, co se stane, pokud se elektron s\u00a0pozitronem sraz\u00ed, elektron zapadne op\u011bt do sv\u00e9 d\u00edry vyz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou energii jako foton gama a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b prost\u011b zmiz\u00ed. Je to proces, kter\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me anihilace hmoty a antihmoty. Pokud se hmota a antihmota sraz\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b zmiz\u00ed a z\u016fstane po nich jen vra\u017eedn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Jak je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 \u017ee existujeme?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Pro\u010d je ve vesm\u00edru v\u00edce hmoty, ne\u017e antihmoty","item":"https:\/\/www.dvkk.cz\/proc-je-ve-vesmiru-vice-hmoty-nez-antihmoty\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]